FAO AI Bulletin

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    Avian Influenza - FAO Situation Summary
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    Summary of situation: 27 January 2004 - Issue 1
    Vietnam, Japan and Thailand have officially reported highly pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) to the Office International des Epizooties (OIE) in domestic poultry. A migrating wild bird was also found positive to HPAI (H5N1) in Hong Kong SAR and officially declared to OIE.
    Low pathogenic strain of avian influenza virus was identified in Tapei China (H5N2).
    In Pakistan, Avian Influenza (Type H7 and H9) was reported. Some 5 millions birds are estimated to have died since end of November. Slaughter of infected flocks is advocated but locally produced formalin vaccine is also being produced.
    In South Korea, a report mentioned that the bird flu virus discovered was different from the one that killed six people in Vietnam. CDC (US) said that the H5N1 strain had a different genetic sequence and therefore is believed to come from a different source. The human bird flu cases were reported in South Korea (less pathogenic strain for humans ?).
    There are ongoing rumours of HPAI in China.
    There are some concerns in Bangladesh where 14 children have died after possible contacts with poultry. The symptoms included high fever, headache, tendency to vomit, diarrhea and loss of consciousness. "Dr Jahangir Hossain of the International Center for Diarrhea Diseases Research did not rule out the possibility of contraction from local poultry or other farm animals, but ruled out malaria, meningitis or encephalitis." Samples were sent to CDC.
    Countries affected as of 27/01/2004 - Official notification to OIE
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    country
    		 date reported
    		 species
    		 virus type
    		 humans affected
    Vietnam
    		 8/01/04
    		 domestic poultry
    		 H5N1
    		 yes
    Thailand
    		 23/01/04
    		 domestic poultry
    		 H5N1
    		 yes
    Japan
    		 12/01/04
    		 domestic poultry
    		 H5
    		 no
    Taipei, China
    		 20/01/04
    		 domestic poultry
    		 H5N2
    		 no
    Hong Kong, SAR
    		 26/01/04
    		 wild bird
    		 H5N1
    		 no

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    Other Issues: Trade
    Some facts about Thailand:
    The 4th largest poultry exporter, after the US, Brazil, and the EU. Approximately 40 percent it's estimated production of 1.5 million tonnes is exported. These exports of over 500,000 tonnes are valued at approximately US$1 billion.
    The largest markets for Thai poultry exports (which mainly consist of uncooked processed chicken products and boneless skinless breast meat) are Japan and the EU (50 percent and 35 percent respectively of total exports).
    Thailand supplies approximately 25 percent of EU imports of poultry meat from third countries (estimated at 172,000 tonnes in 2002 out of total EU imports of 700,000 tonnes). The largest EU importers of Thai chicken meat are the UK, Germand, and the Netherlands. Thailand supplied approximately 16, 10, and 19 percent of their respective imports (including intra-trade).
    Chicken prices are down slightly this year in the EU. While a ban on Thai chicken will leave a deficit in the market for white meat going into processing, it is likely that the Brazilians, a competitive producer of similar type of product, will move to supply the gap.
    In the Japanese market, domestic poultry supplies are dropping as AI infected flocks are disposed of and imports are banned from Thailand (Thailand accounts for thirty percent of Japanese poultry imports). Meanwhile, a ban on US and Canadian beef due to BSE will push prices of all meats higher.




  • Avian Influenza - FAO Situation Summary
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    Summary of situation: 23 February 2004 (Issue No.6)
    As of 23/02/04, HPAI - H5N1 has been reported in Viet Nam, Thailand, Cambodia, Lao PDR, Japan, Republic of Korea, Indonesia and China. The number of countries affected remains the same since the last update.
    China: On 19/02/04, H5N1 was confirmed in Jilin province which is adjacent to the Democratic People's Republic of Korea. As of 23/02/04, China reported HP Avian Influenza in 16 provinces (48 confirmed, 1 suspected and 3 negative). As of 17/02/04, 144,440 birds infected, 127,648 died and 5,227,800 were culled. Vaccination has been undertaken on >9,634,700 birds so far. (Source: FAO and government website).
    In Lhasa, Tibet province, 5,000 chickens died on 24/01/04. Samples were sent for testing, and H5N1 was confirmed. It is reported that this batch of chickens came from the Lanzhou city, Gansu Province where avian influenza case was suspected on 3/2/04. (source: gphin)
    Isolation measures have been lifted in Dingdang Town, Long 'an County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, where the China's first HPAI appeared on 23/01/04 and announced on 22/02/04 morning.
    Thailand: On 16/02/04, Nine more outbreaks were reported to be found. Within 10,300 samples of the second round testing, 10 provinces were found positive, of which 9 provinces (including Uttaradit and Chon Buri provinces) in the red (infected) areas and 1 province (Roi-Et) formally regarded as the yellow (investigating) areas. Chickens within 1 km radius of the outbreaks in red zone; 5 km radius in yellow zone are to be killed within 72 hours. Kasetsart University's animal hospital laboratory confirmed the presence of the H5N1 virus in a cat.
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    Under investigation / rumours and suspicions / other information:
    India: The sudden death of about 300 chickens in Orissa's Bolangir district were observed within two days. Official Veterinary experts said the mass death was not caused by bird flu, but caused by chronic respiratory disease from practices of unhygienic conditions. Nevertheless, samples had been sent to the high security animal diseases laboratory at Bhopal. (18/02/04 - source: gphin)
    Saudi Arabia: 50 chickens found dead in a farm in the Rania province. No official information available.
    (11/02/04 - source: gphin)
    Yemen: A large number of chickens died in the El-Lehia county in El-Hadeeda province (under investigation).
    (11/02/04 - source: gphin)
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    Control strategies currently in implementation (summary in the table below):
    Countries that are planning/starting mass slaughter of poultry are: Thailand, Viet Nam, Indonesia, Pakistan, China, Taiwan Province of China
    Vaccination has been started/ordered in: China (Central & Southern areas), Taiwan province of China, Hong Kong SAR, Indonesia, and Pakistan.
    Table: Control strategies currently in implementation (http://www.fao.org/ag/againfo/subjects/en/health/diseases-cards/Table1_04.html)
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    Table: Countries Affected as of 23/02/2004 (http://www.fao.org/ag/againfo/subjects/en/health/diseases-cards/issue6_tab.html)

    Countries affected (as of 23/02/2004)
    Country
    		 date declared to OIE
    		 type
    		 Animals affected
    		 Humans affected
    		 Additional information

    		info.
    		 Source1
    Republic of Korea
    		 17/12/2003
    		 H5N1
    		 layers, ducks
    		 no
    		 No outbreaks since 05/02/04
    		 Government
    Viet Nam
    		 8/01/04
    		 H5N1
    		 Broilers
    		 yes
    		 57 provinces affected
    		 gphin2
    Japan
    		 12/01/04
    		 H5N1
    		 Layers, Pet, Chicken
    		 no
    		 2nd outbreak found
    		 FAO; Government3
    Taiwan Province of China
    		 20/01/04
    		 H5N2
    		 Layers, native chicken, duck, pheasant
    		 no
    		 low pathogenic
    		 gphin
    Thailand
    		 23/01/04
    		 H5 (N1)
    		 Layers, stork
    		 yes
    		 14 infected areas in 9 province and 163 control areas in 40 provinces
    		 gphin; FAO; Thai governmnet
    Cambodia
    		 24/01/04
    		 H5N1
    		 Layers, duck
    		 Suspected (ProMed 20.02.04)
    		FAO; Government
    Hong Kong, SAR
    		 26/01/04
    		 H5N1
    		 Peregrine falcon
    		 no
    		 wild birds
    		 gphin
    Lao, PDR
    		 27/01/04
    		 H5
    		 layers
    		 no
    		 Samples sent for Pasteur Institute, Viet Nam to type N
    		 FAO; Government
    Pakistan
    		 28/01/04
    		 H7
    		 layers
    		 no

    Indonesia
    		 06/02/04
    		 H5N1
    		 Chickens, duck and quail
    		 no
    		 chicken have been dying since August
    		 gphin
    China
    		 06/02/04
    		 H5N1
    		 duck, chicken and black swan
    		 no
    		 16 provinces
    		FAO; Government
    United States of America
    		 11/02/04
    		 H7
    		 Chickens
    		 no
    		 Low pathogenic, under control; conducting studies


  • Avian Influenza - FAO Situation Summary
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    Summary of situation: 08 February 2004 (Issue No.4)
    According to different media reports, HPAI - H5N1 has been reported in Viet Nam, Thailand, Cambodia, Lao PDR, Japan, Korea, Indonesia and China.
    China: On 08/02/2004, Xishan district of Kunming City (Yunnan province), Xigu district of Lanzhou City (Gansu province). The previously reported suspected cases in Ezhou City (Hubei province), Pingyu county (Henan province), Guangde County, Yushan District of Ma'anshan City, Jieshou City, and Yingzhou District of Fuyang City (Anhui Province) and Qingyunpu district of Nanchang City and Guixi City (Jiangxi Province) are confirmed as H5N1 by the National AI Reference Lab. The total numbers of confirmed /suspected outbreaks are now 31.
    Viet Nam: new cases were reported in North, Central and South Viet Nam on 04/02/2004. The Ministry of Health informed that 2 additional cases were confirmed.
    Thailand: The government reported on 04/02/2004 two more human cases suspected, while ruling out on previously suspected case.
    Cambodia: Two outbreaks of bird flu have been reported in the suburbs of Phnom Penh on 05/02/2004 as well as a third one at the Tamao Zoo (47 kms south of the capital).
    South Korea: Ducks at two farms in Asan, Chungchong-namdo province (90 Km south of Seoul) were confirmed to have been infected.
    Other strains:
    In Taiwan Province of China, eight more farms found to be affected with avian influenza virus (H5N2, low pathogenic strain). Outbreaks are found in its Northern, Central and Southern counties.
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    Under investigation / rumours and suspicions / other information:
    China: Death of wild finches were observed near Shanghai in the city of Tai Zho, Jiangsu Province.
    Thailand: Dead birds found at Dusit Zoo were tested at Mahidol University, and the early lab tests detected the H5 strain in crows, but did not reveal whether it is N1 strain. Tests were also conducted on city birds, on 06/02/2004, including pigeons and sparrows at Sanam Luang national park where 20 dead birds found.
    Nepal: More than 200 chickens died in the past 10 days in Bara district.
    India: In Dhubri district, lower Assam, about 1,000 poultry birds had died since January but none of the villages reported deaths in one day or in a large batch. A survey was conducted in 29 villages and the results determined the cause of the deaths due to coccidiosis, chronic respiratory disease and bacilliary white diarrhoea.
    Malaysia: A chicken breeder in Kuala Sedaka has been dumping chicken carcasses from his farm into Sungai Sedaka River.

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    Control strategies currently in implementation (summary in the table below):
    Countries that are planning/starting mass slaughter of poultry are: Thailand, Viet Nam, Indonesia, Pakistan, China, Taiwan Province of China
    Vaccination has been started/ordered in: China (Central & Southern), Taiwan province of China, Hong Kong SAR, Indonesia, and Pakistan.
    Vehicle control at major route started in China.
    Thailand will report the country's updated situation everyday in response to the call for global cooperation in stopping the spread of the avian influenza, including transparent reports on situations made by the FAO/OIE/WHO Technical Consultation on the Control of Avian Influenza.
    Table: Control strategies currently in implementation (http://www.fao.org/ag/againfo/subjects/en/health/diseases-cards/Table1_04.html)
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    Table: Countries Affected as of 02/02/2004 (http://www.fao.org/ag/againfo/subjects/en/health/diseases-cards/issue4_Tab.html)
    (http://www.fao.org/ag/againfo/subjects/en/health/diseases-cards/issue4_Tab.html)
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    Actions taken - follow-up
    FAO/OIE/WHO Technical Consultation on the Control of Avian Influenza 3 - 4 February 2004, Conclusions and recommendations
    On 5 February 2004, the Office International des Epizooties (OIE), the World Health Organization (WHO) with the assistance of some 25 experts from different organizations, institutes, and governments made a series of recommendations regarding HPAI control after the two-day meeting. The recommendations are as follows:
    1. Animal and human health and rural livelihoods be taken into consideration when developing control and restructuring programmes.
    2. Public education and veterinary training, and national and regional capacity building be an important part of the development of long term surveillance and control of HPAI and other priority diseases.
    3. Control programs be immediately intensified and monitored
    4. Each country establish a co-ordination centre such as a national avian influenza task force, to which medical and veterinary authorities report and discuss surveillance and control information
    5. Measures including stamping-out, elevated biosecurity, vaccination and monitoring are important tools in control and eradication of infection in poultry.
    6. Improvement of surveillance and transparent and timely reporting of infection by the Veterinary Administration be required at national, regional and international levels.
    7. Extensive international coordination should be established for short and long term control of influenza viruses of human and animal health significance.
    8. Donor support be urgently requested for control programmes that include relevant technical and institutional capacity building.
    9. A Regional Emergency Meeting in the Asian Region be convened to support uptake and implementation of the recommendations, with FAO taking a lead role in co-ordination of field programmes, and in co-operation with OIE and WHO.
    10. Collaborative research efforts, with interdisciplinary, international partnerships be supported to address the gaps in knowledge and tools required in the control of human and animal infection with avian influenza viruses, particularly in the area of vaccines, diagnostic tests, and epidemiology, particularly the role of domestic and wild animal hosts.
    Technical meeting:
    Joint FAO/OIE/WHO tripartite meeting - 4-5 February 2004, FAO Headquarters
    - The yearly tripartite FAO/OIE/WHO meeting focused on "The Global Framework for the Control of Transboundary Diseases (GF-TADs)", the joint FAO/OIE initiative.
    Joint FAO/OIE/WHO regional meeting in Bangkok (26-28 February)
    - A joint FAO/OIE/WHO regional meeting is planned in Bangkok to strengthen the coordination of control programmes.
    Technical Cooperation Programme (TCP) projects:
    FAO Technical Cooperation Projects (TCP) for Viet Nam, Cambodia, Lao PDR, Indonesia, China and Pakistan has been approved. In response to the request for assistance to control the spread of HPAI, Regional TCPs are in preparation and will focus on emergency control of the disease, regional networking, epidemiology and rehabilitation.




  • Avian Influenza - FAO Situation Summary
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    Summary of situation: 14 February 2004 (Issue No.5)
    As of 14/02/2004, HPAI - H5N1 has been reported in Viet Nam, Thailand, Cambodia, Lao PDR, Japan, Korea, Indonesia and China. The number of countries affected remains the same since the last update.
    China: As of 14/02/2004, China reported 46 cases in 14 provinces (33 confirmed cases and 13 suspected). The most recent suspicions were reported on 11/02/2004 in seven new Chinese regions located in Hubei, Hunan and Guangdong provinces.
    The epidemic in China is not yet under control and the disease is still spreading to new areas. On 10/02/2004, HPAI was reported in Tianjin municipality, Jinnan district in North-Eastern China (see map below), threatening neighbouring provinces which have not yet detected the disease. It is therefore imperative that control measures including movement management, quarantine and animal culling are applied strictly, especially in these areas of high human and animal density.
    Wild birds have also begun to return to Southeast Asia and South China as the weather gets warmer, which could increase the likelihood of disease spreading.
    "The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture issued an emergency notice Monday requiring authorities concerned to monitor the habits and habitats of migratory birds to prevent the spread of bird flu.
    The notice says a more thorough mechanism of monitoring and examination must be established and more detailed information about migratory birds, including breeds, habitat and habits must be gathered. It asks medical staff to disinfect the habitats of the migratory birds, collect their excrement and sanitize it.
    Poultry raisers are reminded to segregate flocks from wild birds and government departments to promote publicity campaigns in rural areas". (china view, www.xinhuanet.com (http://www.xinhuanet.com) XINHUA online).
    The data from official and non official sources collected so far have been entered into the FAO/EMPRES information system (EMPRES-i) for further analysis and mapping. Although the dataset is still incomplete (no or few data for Viet Nam, Lao PDR, Cambodia and Indonesia) and likely does not reflect the true incidence of the disease, more than 75 disease outbreaks with epidemiological details have been entered and processed. A tentative analysis of the situation will be given in the next AIDEnews issue (V. Martin).
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    Under investigation / rumours and suspicions / other information:
    Saudi Arabia: Chicken deaths have been reported in the province of Rania where 50 chickens have died in a farm. No official information received concerning this rumour. (11/02/04 - source: gphin)
    Yemen:A large number of chickens died in the county of El-Lehia, province of El-Hadeeda. The villagers fear that it could be Avian Influenza. Situation under investigation. (11/02/04 - source: gphin)
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    Control strategies currently in implementation (summary in the table below):
    Countries that are planning/starting mass slaughter of poultry are: Thailand, Viet Nam, Indonesia, Pakistan, China, Taiwan Province of China.
    ¢ Vaccination has been started/ordered in: China (Central & Southern), Taiwan province of China, Hong Kong SAR, Indonesia, and Pakistan.
    Vehicle control at major route started in China.
    Table: Control strategies currently in implementation (http://www.fao.org/ag/againfo/subjects/en/health/diseases-cards/Table1_04.html)
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    Table: Countries Affected as of 14/02/2004 (http://www.fao.org/ag/againfo/subjects/en/health/diseases-cards/issue5_Tab.html)

    Countries affected (as of 14/02/2004)
    Country
    		 date declared to OIE
    		 type
    		 Animals affected
    		 Humans affected
    		 Additional information

    		info.
    		 Source*
    Korea
    		 17/12/2003
    		 H5N1
    		 Layers, ducks
    		 no
    		 No outbreaks since 05/02/04
    		 Government
    Viet Nam
    		 8/01/04
    		 H5N1
    		 Broilers
    		 yes
    		 57 provinces affected
    		 gphin**
    Japan
    		 12/01/04
    		 H5N1
    		 Layers
    		 no
    		 under control
    		 announcement
    Taiwan Province of China
    		 20/01/04
    		 H5N2
    		 Layers, native chickens, duck, pheasant
    		 no
    		 low pathogenic
    		 gphin
    Thailand
    		 23/01/04
    		 H5 (N1)
    		 Layers
    		 yes
    		 5 infected areas in 1 province and 158 control areas in 39 provinces
    		 gphin, Thai governmnet
    Cambodia
    		 24/01/04
    		 H5N1
    		 Layers, duck
    		 no
    		Government
    Hong Kong, SAR
    		 26/01/04
    		 H5N1
    		 Peregrine falcon
    		 no
    		 wild birds
    		 gphin
    Lao, PDR
    		 27/01/04
    		 H5N1
    		 layers
    		 no

    Pakistan
    		 28/01/04
    		 H7
    		 layers
    		 no

    Indonesia
    		 06/02/04
    		 H5N1
    		 Chickens, duck and quail
    		 no
    		 chicken have been dying since August
    		 gphin
    China
    		 06/02/04
    		 H5N1
    		 duck, chicken and black swan
    		 no
    		 46 cases in 14 provinces
    		Chinese government
    United States of America
    		 11/02/04
    		 H7
    		 Chickens
    		 no
    		 low pathogenic, under control. Further studies being conducted
    		 FAO-LO
    *Official (OIE) and non official Information (ProMed, press agencies, tracking systems.)
    ** Gphin: Global Public Health Intelligence Network (Health Canada)




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    Actions taken - follow-up
    FAO/OIE/WHO Technical Consultation on the Control of Avian Influenza 3 - 4 February 2004 Conclusions and recommendations
    On 5 February 2004, the Office International des Epizooties (OIE), the World Health Organization (WHO) with the assistance of some 25 experts from different organizations, institutes, and governments made a series of recommendations regarding HPAI control after the two-day meeting. The full text, including: Current situation; Origins of the epidemic; Control and Eradication Strategies; Human Health issues including Food Safety; Rehabilitation; re-stocking, reorganisation of the sector and the recommendation is available on FAO website:
    www.fao.org/newsroom/common/ecg/36647_en_experts.pdf (http://www.fao.org/newsroom/common/ecg/36647_en_experts.pdf)
    Technical meeting:
    Joint FAO/OIE/WHO tripartite meeting - 4-5 February 2004, FAO Headquarters - focused on "The Global Framework for the Control of Transboundary Diseases (GF-TADs)", the joint FAO/OIE initiative. The Avian Influenza crisis was on top of the agenda of the meeting.
    OIE/FAO Emergency Regional Meeting on Avian Influenza Control in Animals in Asia (26-28 February)
    - A joint FAO/OIE meeting in collaboration with WHO is to be held in Bangkok to discuss on situation in the area; strategies for control programmes; regional, international coordination; impact assessments on social, economical and policy issues; rehabilitation and restocking.
    Technical Cooperation Programme (TCP) projects:
    FAO Technical Cooperation Projects (TCP) for Viet Nam, Cambodia, Lao PDR, Indonesia, China and Pakistan has been approved. Regional TCPs are also in preparation and will focus on emergency control of the disease, regional networking, epidemiology and rehabilitation.
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    Field Reports
    Viet Nam
    From: Patrice Gautier, Country Representative for Viet Nam VETERINAIRES SANS FRONTIERES (VSF is working right now in two provinces in the North and South, with possible rapid extension due to the Avian Influenza crisis)
    The impact on smallholders will depend on the different production systems and sizes of flocks.
    1. Middle sized farms (between 100 - 5,000 animals), family managed, are the hardest hit. Either they are affected by the loss of their flock or affected indirectly by strong sanitary measures (culling with very low compensation and/or prohibition of access to the markets).
    2. The large majority of the Vietnamese farmers are with small flock (15-20 birds), these farmers are very to extremely poor but they also have other small sources of incomes.
    2.a. their direct loss is on average 1,5 USD per bird x 20 = 35 USD.
    2.b. their birds are not affected but due to market closures or culling it doesn't hit them too hard, they usually consume the meat or share with neighbours.
    China
    (Watt Poultry Global E-News [wattpoultry@wattnet.com])
    Poultry markets were closed in Shanghai as the city banned the trade and slaughter of poultry to curb the spread of bird flu.
    The industry and commerce department has examined 721 farm agricultural markets and seized 97 kilograms of dead poultry since the municipal government issued a notice banning the poultry trade. A total of 690 poultry markets have been closed.
    The government notice has been put on every market in the city and detailed account records and quarantine serial numbers of poultry were required to secure the sources.
    Hong Kong banned local farms from supplying chickens to markets and halted all poultry imports from China last Friday after Beijing said more provinces were suffering suspected outbreaks of bird flu, an epidemic racing through much of Asia.




  • Avian Influenza - FAO Situation Summary
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    Summary of situation: 02 February 2004 (Issue No.3)
    As of 2/2/2004 and according to different media reports, Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) - H5N1 has been reported in Vietnam, Thailand, Cambodia, Lao PDR, Japan, Korea, Indonesia and China.
    Chinese Government announced the presence of HPAI (H5N1) in the country on 28/01/2004, and now it is suspected to have spread into its Southern and Central part. On 01/02/2004, five new suspected cases are reported in Yongkang City (Zhejiang Province) Yichang City (Hubei Province), Chenggong County (Yunnan Province), Pingyu County (Henan Province) and the No 12 Farming Division of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps (Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region).
    In Taiwan Province of China, HPAI (H5N1) was isolated from smuggled red-faced ducks in Quemoy Island in 21/12/2003. The ducks were found floating in the ocean off Quemoy by the coast guard. According to the genetic sequencing tests carried out by the Animal Health Research Institute, the virus shows 96 percent match with the virus found in Vietnam.
    OIE official notification on HPAI: [H5N1]Vietnam, Japan, Thailand, Cambodia, China, Indonesia and Hong Kong SAR (only in a wild bird found positive); Korea (H5N1/different genetic sequence); Lao PDR (H5:N yet not known); [H7]Pakistan.
    Death of wild birds in the sanctuary park is also observed in Thailand.
    Other strains:
    In Taiwan Province of China, avian influenza virus was identified in southern counties (H5N2, low pathogenic strain). The use of smuggled vaccine is suspected as the cause.
    Pakistan declared the presence of HPAI (H7) around Karachi on 28/01/2004. Inactivated vaccine has been used to control the disease.
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    Under investigation / rumours and suspicions:
    Vaccination against Ranikhet Disease is suspected as the cause of chicken death near Dhaka, Bangladesh (see previous issue). Investigation was carried out by national authorities and HPAI was ruled out as the possible cause of the deaths.
    Children deaths reported in Bangladesh near Dhaka (see issue No. 1). Samples were sent to CDC/USA for tests and the result shows it is closely related to the Nipah and Hendra viruses that cause encephalitis.
    In Saudi Arabia, death of several thousand chickens was reported in Al-Ehsaa and Riyadh area. Further information is required.
    In Nepal 23 people have died due to the outbreak of an unusual respiratory disease in remote districts of Bajura and Jajarkot. Situation under investigation.
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    Control strategies currently in implementation (summary in the table below):
    Countries that are planning/starting mass slaughter of poultry are: Thailand, Vietnam, Indonesia, Pakistan, China, Taiwan Province of China
    Vaccination has been started/ordered in: China (Central & Southern), Taiwan Province of China, Hong Kong SAR, Indonesia, and Pakistan.
    Table: Number of birds dead/slaughtered and its percentage to the total population and to the GDP by country (http://www.fao.org/ag/againfo/subjects/en/health/diseases-cards/issue3_Tab.html)

    Number of birds dead/slaughtered and its percentage to the total population and to the GDP by country

    		Bird Culled
    (million birds)
    		 Poultry bird stock
    (million birds)
    Vietnam
    		 8
    		 223
    Thailand
    		 25.9
    		 150
    Rep. of Korea
    		 2.5
    		 115
    Taiwan Province of China
    		 0.055
    		 134
    Japan
    		 0.035
    		 283
    Indonesia
    		 4.7
    		 900
    Cambodia
    		 Na
    		 23
    China
    		 Na
    		 4,662
    Lao PDR
    		 Na
    		 17
    Pakistan
    		 4
    		 157
    Total
    		 45.19
    		 6.664


    Table: Control strategies currently in implementation (http://www.fao.org/ag/againfo/subjects/en/health/diseases-cards/Table1.html)
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    Table: Countries Affected as of 02/02/2004 (http://www.fao.org/ag/againfo/subjects/en/health/diseases-cards/issue3_Tab2.html)

    Countries affected (as of 02/02/2004)
    Country
    		 date reported
    		 source*
    		 type
    		 Animals affected
    		 Humans affected
    		 comments
    Korea
    		 15/12/2003
    		 OIE
    		 H5N1
    		 broilers, ducks and quail
    		no
    Vietnam
    		 8/01/04
    		 OIE
    		 H5N1
    		 Broilers
    		 yes
    		 > 40 provinces
    Japan
    		 12/01/04
    		 OIE
    		 H5N1
    		 Layers
    		 no
    		 under control
    Taiwan Province of China
    		 20/01/04
    		 OIE
    		 H5N2
    		 Layers, native chickens, duck
    		 no
    		 low pathogenic
    Thailand
    		 23/01/04
    		 OIE
    		 H5 (N1)
    		 Layers
    		 yes
    		 32 provinces
    Cambodia
    		 24/01/04
    		 OIE
    		 H5N1
    		 Layers
    		 no
    Hong Kong, SAR
    		 26/01/04
    		 OIE
    		 H5N1
    		 Peregrine falcon
    		 no
    		 wild birds
    China
    		 26/01/04
    		 gphin and Chinese government
    		 H5N1
    		 duck and chicken
    		no
    		 Guangxi autonomous region, Hunan and Hubei provinces (confirmed); Anhui, Shanghai and Guangdong (suspected)
    Lao, PDR
    		 27/01/04
    		 OIE
    		 H5N1
    		 layers
    		 no
    Pakistan
    		 28/01/04
    		 OIE
    		 H7
    		 layers
    		 no
    Indonesia
    		 29/01/04
    		 OIE
    		 H5N1
    		 Chickens
    		 suspected
    		 chicken have been dying since August
    *Official (OIE) and non official Information (ProMed, press agencies, tracking systems.)
    ** Gphin: Global Public Health Intelligence Network (Health Canada)


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    Actions taken - follow-up
    Expert consultation (control strategies) taking place 3-4 February 2004 at the FAO Headquaters
    The expected outcome will be a series of documents that provide aspects of Epidemiology, Vaccination, Slaughter/Disposal/ Food Safety, Protection, and Recovery guidelines to tackle Avian Influenza.
    Joint FAO/OIE/WHO regional meeting in Bangkok (end of February)
    A joint FAO/OIE/WHO regional meeting is planned in Bangkok to strengthen the coordination of control programmes implemented.
    Joint FAO/OIE/WHO tripartite meeting scheduled for 4-5 February 2004, FAO Headquarters
    The technical consultation above-mentioned will be followed by the yearly tripartite FAO/OIE/WHO meeting which will focus on the joint FAO/OIE initiative called "The Global Framework for the Control of Transboundary Diseases (GF-TADs)".
    Messages sent to FAORs/contacts in Myanmar, Saudi Arabia, Bangladesh and East Timor for further information on poultry deaths.
    Technical Cooperation Programme (TCP) projects in the pipeline:
    FAO is preparing Technical Cooperation Projects (TCPs) for countries requesting assistance to curb the spread of HPAI as well as a regional TCP that will focus on emergency control of the disease, regional networking and epidemiology.




  • Avian Influenza - FAO Situation Summary
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    http://www.fao.org/ag/againfo/page_img/spacer.gif
    Summary of situation: 29 January 2004 - Issue 2
    As of 30/1/2004 and according to different media reports, HPAI has been reported in Vietnam, Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, Japan, Korea, Indonesia and China.
    Chinese Government announced on 28/01/2004 the presence of H5N1 in the Southern part of the country.
    In Taiwan Province of China, HPAI (H5N1) was isolated from smuggled duck in Quemoy Island in December 2003 (an island of the Taiwan, Province of China close to the mainland).
    OIE official notification (HPAI - H5N1): Vietnam, Japan and Thailand, and Hong-Kong SAR (only in a wild bird found positive); Korea (H5N1/different genetic sequence), and Pakistan (H7).
    In Thailand, death of wild birds in the sanctuary park is also observed.
    Other strains:
    In Taiwan Province of China, avian influenza virus was identified in southern counties (H5N2, low pathogenic strain). The use of smuggled vaccine is suspected as the cause.
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    Under investigation / rumours and suspicions:
    In Bangladesh, death of several thousand chickens near Dhaka in the past week was reported, about 12 000 chickens died in the Bhogra, Khuda Boromi, Mariali, and Noujor areas. Vaccine is suspected to be the cause of the deaths (vaccine against Ranikhet Disease Virus). Under investigation.
    Children deaths were reported in Bangladesh, the most affected area being Goalundo, 67km west of the Bangladeshi capital Dhaka. Dr Tapash Ahmed (who is treating patients in the worst-hit area) was reported as saying: "I can categorically say there is no link with this disease and bird flu. We are quite sure that it is viral encephalitis (inflammation of the brain), but we don't know what strain it is due to lack equipment." A ministry statement said urine and blood samples from the sick had been sent to the US for tests. The results are expected within a fortnight.
    In Saudi Arabia, death of several thousand chickens was reported in Al- Ehsaa and Riyadh area. In recent months similar cases were seen in some of western, central, and eastern areas resulted in 40 - 60% losses. An isolated case of avian influenza suspected in one poultry farms in the Eastern Province.
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    Control strategies currently in implementation (summary in the table below):
    Countries that are planning/starting mass slaughter of poultry are: Thailand, Vietnam, Indonesia, Pakistan, China (mainland), Taipei China
    Vaccination has been started/ordered in: China (south), Taipei China, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Pakistan.
    Table: Control strategies currently in implementation (http://www.fao.org/ag/againfo/subjects/en/health/diseases-cards/Table1.html)

    Control strategies currently in implementation
    Country
    		 Control measures
    Korea
    		 - Stamping out
    - Movement control
    - No vaccination
    - Surveillance
    		 - Import ban
    - Quarantine
    - Screening
    - Disinfection
    - Zoning
    Vietnam
    		 - Modified stamping out
    - Movement control
    		 - Quarantine
    - Screening
    - Control of wildlife reservoirs
    Japan
    		 - stamping out
    - Movement control
    - No vaccination
    - Surveillance
    		 - Import ban
    - Quarantine
    - Disinfection
    - Screening
    Taiwan Province of China
    		 - Stamping out
    		 - Import ban
    Thailand
    		 - Stamping out
    - Movement control
    - No Vaccination
    		 - Quarantine
    - Screening
    - Zoning
    Cambodia
    		 - Stamping out
    - Movement control
    		 - Disinfection
    - Quarantine
    Hong Kong, SAR
    		 - Vaccination
    - Surveillance
    		 - Import ban
    China
    		 - Stamping out
    - Vaccination
    		 - Import ban
    - Disinfection
    - Market control
    - Quarantine
    Lao, PDR
    		 - Stamping out
    - Movement control
    - Surveillance
    		 - Import ban
    - Quarantine
    Pakistan
    		 - Stamping out
    - Movement control
    - Vaccination
    		 - Import ban
    - Quarantine
    - Zoning
    - Control wild reservoirs
    Indonesia
    		 - Stamping out
    - vaccination planned
    - surveillance
    Source of information: OIE official reports, press releases, media reports, gphin.


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    Table: Countries Affected as of 29/01/2004 (http://www.fao.org/ag/againfo/subjects/en/health/diseases-cards/Table2.html)

    Countries affected (as of 29/01/2004)
    Country
    		 date reported
    		 source*
    		 type
    		 Animals affected
    		 Humans affected
    		 comments
    Korea
    		 15/12/2003
    		 OIE
    		 H5N1
    		 broilers and ducks
    		 no
    		 Since 13/12, 16 additional chicken farms were hit by the disease (January 2004)
    Vietnam
    		 8/01/04
    		 OIE
    		 H5 (N1)
    		 Broilers
    		 yes
    		 28 provinces affected so far
    Japan
    		 12/01/04
    		 OIE
    		 H5
    		 Layers
    		 no
    		 under control
    Taiwan, Province of China
    		 20/01/04
    		 OIE
    		 H5N2
    		 Layers, native chickens
    		 no
    		 Changhwa , Chiayi and Tainan Prefectures, low pathogenic
    Thailand
    		 23/01/04
    		 OIE
    		 H5 (N1)
    		 Layers
    		 yes
    		 31 provinces affected in total
    Cambodia
    		 24/01/04
    		 OIE
    		 H5
    		 Layers
    		 no
    Hong Kong, SAR
    		 26/01/04
    		 OIE
    		 H5N1
    		 Peregrine falcon
    		 no
    		 wild birds
    China
    		 26/01/04
    		 gphin, announcement from the Chinese government
    		 H5N1
    		 duck and chicken
    		no
    		 Guangxi autonomous region, Hunan and Hubei provinces. 23 + 6 people under health surveillance.
    Lao, PDR
    		 27/01/04
    		 OIE
    		 H5
    		 layers
    		 no
    Pakistan
    		 28/01/04
    		 OIE
    		 H7(&H9?)
    		 layers
    		 no
    Indonesia
    		 29/01/04
    		 OIE
    		 H5N1
    		 Chickens
    		 suspected
    		 chicken have been dying since August (Bogor, Sukabumi and Bekasi)
    * Official (OIE) and non official Information (ProMed, press agencies, tracking systems…)
    ** Gphin: Global Public Health Intelligence Network (Health Canada)


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    Actions taken - follow-up
    Expert consultation (control strategies) - planned on Tuesday 3rd February and Wednesday morning.
    FAO is requesting its Regional Representatives/contacts in Myanmar, Saudi Arabia, Bangladesh, Indonesia for further information on poultry deaths
    A request for further information has also been sent to the Permanent representative of China.
    Technical Cooperation projects in the pipeline:
    Animal Health Service (AGAH), Technical Cooperation Programme Service (TCOT) and Emergency Operations Service (TCEO) have jointly worked on a project model for countries requesting assistance to address the emergency situation resulting from the avian flu epidemic.
    At this stage we expect at least six requests for assistance, but the number of countries may further increase.
    This project model foresees some standard inputs (experts, materials, equipment, training, general operating expenses, etc.), which could be adjusted in a flexible manner to the actual needs. This would enables the Organization to make an immediate commitment, while allowing country-specific adjustments to be made at a later date to take account of specific local needs, as well as commitments by other donors.
    At least one regional Technical Cooperation Programme (TCP) is also in preparation and will focus on regional networking and epidemiology.









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